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Historical Overview
Figure 1: Wall painting from the Technical School of the Air Force in Kaufbeuren (Germany).
Beautifully pointing: The administration was in the foreground at that time also!
Figure 1: Wall painting from the Technical School of the Air Force in Kaufbeuren (Germany).
Beautifully pointing: The administration was in the foreground at that time also!
Neither a single nation nor a single person is able to say, that he (or it) is the inventor of the radar method. One must look at the „Radar” than an accumulation of many developments and improvements earlier, which scientists of several nations parallelly made share. There are nevertheless some milestones with the discovery of important basic knowledge and important inventions:
1865 The English physicist James Clerk Maxwell developed his electro-magnetic light theory (Description of the electro-magnetic waves and her propagation)
1886 The German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz discovers the electro-magnetic waves and prove the theory of Maxwell with that.
1897 The Italian technician Guglielmo Marconi bridged larger distances with electromagnetic waves. As a radiating and receiving aerial element he used a long pole, along which was carried a wire. In Italian a tent pole is known as l'antenna centrale, and the pole with a wire alongside it used as an aerial was simply called l'antenna. Today Marconi is known as pioneer of radio communication.
1904 The German high frequency engineer Christian Hülsmeyer invents the „Telemobiloskop” to the traffic supervision on the water. He measures the running time of electro-magnetic waves to a metal object (ship) and back. A calculation of the distance is thus possible. This is the first practical radar test. Hülsmeyer registers his invention to the patent in Germany and in the United Kingdom.
1921 The invention of the Magnetron as an efficient transmitting tube by the US-american physicist Albert Wallace Hull
1922 The American electrical engineers Albert H. Taylor and Leo C. Young of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA) locate a wooden ship for the first time.
1930 Lawrence A. Hyland (also of the Naval Research Laboratory), locates an aircraft for the first time.
1931 A ship is equipped with radar. As antennae are used parabolic dishes with horn radiators.
1936 The development of the Klystron by the technicians George F. Metcalf and William C. Hahn, both General Electric. This will be an important component in radar units as an amplifier or an oscillator tube.
1939 Two engineers from the university in Birmingham, John Randall and Henry Boot built a small but powerful radar using a Cavity-Magnetron. The B- 17 airplanes were fitted with this radar.
1940 Different radar equipments are developed in the USA, Russia, Germany, France and Japan.
Driven by the common war expiry and the general development of the air forces to meaning key players radar technology undergo a strong development push during the 2nd's World War and is used during the „cold war” in large quantities along the german domestic border.
